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Pierre-Joseph Redouté:
The Botanical Artist of Royalty and Elegance
03/05/2024
Roses Through Time: A Historical Journey of Rose Cultivation
Even if you seldom venture into floristry sections or casually stroll past the flower aisles at Trader Joe's, chances are you'll find yourself drawn to a classic choice like the rose. With over 30,000 varieties, the rose stands as one of the most beloved flowers globally, its allure transcending mere interest or occasional purchases. It embodies not just love and passion but also carries the weight of tragedy in its symbolism, making it a quintessential emblem of human emotion and experience.
The cultivation of roses began around 5,000 years ago in the Near East. It is believed that the birthplace of the queen of flowers is Persia, known in antiquity as "Gulistan" – the "garden of roses."
Roses are mentioned in ancient Indian mythology and held special reverence at the courts of Indian rulers. Archaeological excavations have revealed depictions of roses on palace walls in Crete during the 2nd millennium BCE and on the tombs of pharaohs in Egypt during the 1st millennium BCE.
Clay tablets found in the palace of Nestor in Crete tell of fragrant rose oil. Confucius, the ancient Chinese philosopher (551-479 BCE), wrote about rose cultivation in China. Gradually, roses from the Near East made their way to Ancient Greece, where rose culture reached a higher level. Ancient Greek poetess Sappho (7th century BCE) called the rose the "queen of flowers" in her verses.
One of the myths of Ancient Greece tells how the rose acquired its red color. The beloved of the goddess of beauty Aphrodite died, and in her despair, Aphrodite ran into the Paphos forest, oblivious to the piercing thorns of the roses. Her blood dripped onto the buds, dyeing them red.
Ancient Rome, inheriting rose culture from the Greeks, elevated it further. In Ancient Rome, roses were symbols of morality, courage, and success. Before going to war, Romans wore rose garlands on their heads instead of helmets to bolster their bravery. Rose petals adorned the path of warriors, garlands adorned feasts and celebrations. During times of danger, the use of roses was prohibited, as the flower symbolized joy.
In times of Rome's decline, roses were a symbol of silence. If a white rose was hung from the ceiling at numerous banquets, it signified that the speeches made there would not be disclosed. Roses were destroyed in incredible quantities. It is commonly believed that Emperor Nero's passion for roses contributed to the decline of Rome.
The myths of Ancient Greece and the origin of the rose are similar. When Aphrodite (Venus in Roman mythology) emerged from the sea, her body was covered in sea foam. The rose sprang from this foam, and the gods, enchanted by its beauty, sprinkled it with fragrant nectar. Since then, roses have possessed a captivating fragrance.
.
During the Crusades, returning knights brought new varieties of roses from the East to Europe. It is quite possible that this is how the Damask rose (Rosa damascena) was introduced to Europe. From the mid-13th century, the French rose – Gallica rose (R. gallica), the oldest of garden roses, began to be mentioned. It received its name because it quickly spread throughout France (Gaul). By all major characteristics, it is very close to Damask and Centifolia roses. In England, the rose was almost unknown until the beginning of the 14th century. It appeared in this country shortly before the brutal Wars of the Roses. The emblem of the Lancaster family featured a red rose, while the York family's emblem featured a white rose. After the Wars of the Roses, both exhausted factions could no longer continue the fight for the throne. The emerging Tudors put an end to the discord and unified both roses on their coat of arms. English coins of that time depicted both a red and a white rose alongside King Henry VI. Since then, the rose has been a symbol of the British royal dynasty.
In addition to the main three types (Damask, French, and Centifolia roses), another rose gradually entered rose culture during the Middle Ages – the White rose (R. alba. L.), originating from Central Europe and the Mediterranean. Apparently, it is a hybrid between the French rose and the Corymbifera rose (R. corymbifera), very close to the common briar. It was very popular during the Renaissance, and its image is often found in the paintings of Italian artists.
In the Middle Ages, the rose also became a symbol of secret societies. On the axes of the members of the Westphalian courts was depicted a knight holding a bouquet of roses. Lodges of Freemasons and the mystical society of Rosicrucians also chose the rose as their symbol.
European roses penetrated America with English colonists in the early 17th century. In North America, there were native species of roses – R. virginiana and R. carolina. R. sitegera (prairie rose) gave rise to a number of robust varieties of climbing roses. In the 17th century, Dutch scientists obtained R. centifolia – the Centifolia or cabbage rose (it was also called the "cabbage rose"), which is considered one of the oldest cultivated roses. By the 18th century, the passion for roses had spread to many European countries – Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain. The greatest interest was shown in France, which was the center of rose culture. During this period, large collections of roses were created in France, consisting of numerous varieties of Centifolia, Damask, and French roses. The collections also featured some botanical species from the Caucasus, the Far East, and Eastern Siberia.
The organizer of the first rose garden in Europe, located in Malmaison (near Paris), was Empress of France Josephine, wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. Her collection included about 250 species and forms of roses, gathered by Napoleon's orders from the Mediterranean, China, and South America. The artist Pierre-Joseph Redouté captured this collection in watercolors.
In our next article, we will delve deeper into the world of roses from a floristry perspective. We'll explore the subtle yet significant differences between garden roses and their traditional counterparts, shedding light on their unique characteristics and qualities. Moreover, we'll introduce you to some of our favorite rose species, including the enchanting Princess Maya, the timeless Hermosa, and the vibrant Veggie. Join us as we continue our journey through the realm of roses, discovering their beauty and diversity in floristry.
Roses Through Time: A Historical Journey of Rose Cultivation
Even if you seldom venture into floristry sections or casually stroll past the flower aisles at Trader Joe's, chances are you'll find yourself drawn to a classic choice like the rose. With over 30,000 varieties, the rose stands as one of the most beloved flowers globally, its allure transcending mere interest or occasional purchases. It embodies not just love and passion but also carries the weight of tragedy in its symbolism, making it a quintessential emblem of human emotion and experience.
The cultivation of roses began around 5,000 years ago in the Near East. It is believed that the birthplace of the queen of flowers is Persia, known in antiquity as "Gulistan" – the "garden of roses."
Roses are mentioned in ancient Indian mythology and held special reverence at the courts of Indian rulers. Archaeological excavations have revealed depictions of roses on palace walls in Crete during the 2nd millennium BCE and on the tombs of pharaohs in Egypt during the 1st millennium BCE.
Clay tablets found in the palace of Nestor in Crete tell of fragrant rose oil. Confucius, the ancient Chinese philosopher (551-479 BCE), wrote about rose cultivation in China. Gradually, roses from the Near East made their way to Ancient Greece, where rose culture reached a higher level. Ancient Greek poetess Sappho (7th century BCE) called the rose the "queen of flowers" in her verses.
One of the myths of Ancient Greece tells how the rose acquired its red color. The beloved of the goddess of beauty Aphrodite died, and in her despair, Aphrodite ran into the Paphos forest, oblivious to the piercing thorns of the roses. Her blood dripped onto the buds, dyeing them red.
Ancient Rome, inheriting rose culture from the Greeks, elevated it further. In Ancient Rome, roses were symbols of morality, courage, and success. Before going to war, Romans wore rose garlands on their heads instead of helmets to bolster their bravery. Rose petals adorned the path of warriors, garlands adorned feasts and celebrations. During times of danger, the use of roses was prohibited, as the flower symbolized joy.
In times of Rome's decline, roses were a symbol of silence. If a white rose was hung from the ceiling at numerous banquets, it signified that the speeches made there would not be disclosed. Roses were destroyed in incredible quantities. It is commonly believed that Emperor Nero's passion for roses contributed to the decline of Rome.
The myths of Ancient Greece and the origin of the rose are similar. When Aphrodite (Venus in Roman mythology) emerged from the sea, her body was covered in sea foam. The rose sprang from this foam, and the gods, enchanted by its beauty, sprinkled it with fragrant nectar. Since then, roses have possessed a captivating fragrance.
.
During the Crusades, returning knights brought new varieties of roses from the East to Europe. It is quite possible that this is how the Damask rose (Rosa damascena) was introduced to Europe. From the mid-13th century, the French rose – Gallica rose (R. gallica), the oldest of garden roses, began to be mentioned. It received its name because it quickly spread throughout France (Gaul). By all major characteristics, it is very close to Damask and Centifolia roses. In England, the rose was almost unknown until the beginning of the 14th century. It appeared in this country shortly before the brutal Wars of the Roses. The emblem of the Lancaster family featured a red rose, while the York family's emblem featured a white rose. After the Wars of the Roses, both exhausted factions could no longer continue the fight for the throne. The emerging Tudors put an end to the discord and unified both roses on their coat of arms. English coins of that time depicted both a red and a white rose alongside King Henry VI. Since then, the rose has been a symbol of the British royal dynasty.
In addition to the main three types (Damask, French, and Centifolia roses), another rose gradually entered rose culture during the Middle Ages – the White rose (R. alba. L.), originating from Central Europe and the Mediterranean. Apparently, it is a hybrid between the French rose and the Corymbifera rose (R. corymbifera), very close to the common briar. It was very popular during the Renaissance, and its image is often found in the paintings of Italian artists.
In the Middle Ages, the rose also became a symbol of secret societies. On the axes of the members of the Westphalian courts was depicted a knight holding a bouquet of roses. Lodges of Freemasons and the mystical society of Rosicrucians also chose the rose as their symbol.
European roses penetrated America with English colonists in the early 17th century. In North America, there were native species of roses – R. virginiana and R. carolina. R. sitegera (prairie rose) gave rise to a number of robust varieties of climbing roses. In the 17th century, Dutch scientists obtained R. centifolia – the Centifolia or cabbage rose (it was also called the "cabbage rose"), which is considered one of the oldest cultivated roses. By the 18th century, the passion for roses had spread to many European countries – Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain. The greatest interest was shown in France, which was the center of rose culture. During this period, large collections of roses were created in France, consisting of numerous varieties of Centifolia, Damask, and French roses. The collections also featured some botanical species from the Caucasus, the Far East, and Eastern Siberia.
The organizer of the first rose garden in Europe, located in Malmaison (near Paris), was Empress of France Josephine, wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. Her collection included about 250 species and forms of roses, gathered by Napoleon's orders from the Mediterranean, China, and South America. The artist Pierre-Joseph Redouté captured this collection in watercolors.
In our next article, we will delve deeper into the world of roses from a floristry perspective. We'll explore the subtle yet significant differences between garden roses and their traditional counterparts, shedding light on their unique characteristics and qualities. Moreover, we'll introduce you to some of our favorite rose species, including the enchanting Princess Maya, the timeless Hermosa, and the vibrant Veggie. Join us as we continue our journey through the realm of roses, discovering their beauty and diversity in floristry.
Teresa Mattei
One of first women in Italian politics
03/05/2024
Flowers of Solidarity
International Women's Day, a globally celebrated occasion on March 8th, holds profound significance as a day of reflection, advocacy, and solidarity for gender equality and women's rights. Emerging from the early 20th-century labor movement, this day has evolved into a powerful symbol of empowerment and resilience for women worldwide.
In Italy, the holiday is known as La Festa della Donna, where the Mimosa flower has become a universal symbol, adorning the hands of women as a gesture of solidarity. The Mimosa's delicate blooms, coinciding with the onset of spring, represent resilience and strength in adversity. Giving Mimosa flowers on March 8th symbolizes not only romantic gestures but profound expressions of support for women's rights.
In addition to the Mimosa, tulips hold symbolic significance for International Women's Day. The tulip's vibrant colors and graceful petals symbolize beauty, strength, and the arrival of spring. Originating from Turkey and Persia, tulips have long been associated with love and prosperity. In the context of Women's Day, tulips represent the resilience and growth of women, blooming despite adversity and striving for equality and justice.
Symbolically, the Mimosa and tulip flowers embody qualities of resilience, adaptability, and beauty. Despite their delicate appearances, both flowers possess inner strength and the ability to thrive in diverse environments. Their vibrant colors and fragrant aromas evoke feelings of hope, optimism, and solidarity among women worldwide.
As we commemorate International Women's Day, let us honor the legacy of trailblazers like Susan B. Anthony (USA), Emmeline Pankhurst (UK), Clara Zetkin (Germany), Teresa Mattei (Italy), Nawal El Saadawi (Egypt), Huda Sha'arawi (Egypt) Malala Yousafzai (Pakistan) ... and celebrate the resilience of women everywhere. Let us recognize the importance of solidarity and collective action in the ongoing fight for gender equality and women's rights. And let us draw inspiration from the Mimosa and tulip flowers, symbols of strength, beauty, and hope, as we continue to strive for a more just, equitable, and inclusive world for all.
Flowers of Solidarity
International Women's Day, a globally celebrated occasion on March 8th, holds profound significance as a day of reflection, advocacy, and solidarity for gender equality and women's rights. Emerging from the early 20th-century labor movement, this day has evolved into a powerful symbol of empowerment and resilience for women worldwide.
In Italy, the holiday is known as La Festa della Donna, where the Mimosa flower has become a universal symbol, adorning the hands of women as a gesture of solidarity. The Mimosa's delicate blooms, coinciding with the onset of spring, represent resilience and strength in adversity. Giving Mimosa flowers on March 8th symbolizes not only romantic gestures but profound expressions of support for women's rights.
In addition to the Mimosa, tulips hold symbolic significance for International Women's Day. The tulip's vibrant colors and graceful petals symbolize beauty, strength, and the arrival of spring. Originating from Turkey and Persia, tulips have long been associated with love and prosperity. In the context of Women's Day, tulips represent the resilience and growth of women, blooming despite adversity and striving for equality and justice.
Symbolically, the Mimosa and tulip flowers embody qualities of resilience, adaptability, and beauty. Despite their delicate appearances, both flowers possess inner strength and the ability to thrive in diverse environments. Their vibrant colors and fragrant aromas evoke feelings of hope, optimism, and solidarity among women worldwide.
As we commemorate International Women's Day, let us honor the legacy of trailblazers like Susan B. Anthony (USA), Emmeline Pankhurst (UK), Clara Zetkin (Germany), Teresa Mattei (Italy), Nawal El Saadawi (Egypt), Huda Sha'arawi (Egypt) Malala Yousafzai (Pakistan) ... and celebrate the resilience of women everywhere. Let us recognize the importance of solidarity and collective action in the ongoing fight for gender equality and women's rights. And let us draw inspiration from the Mimosa and tulip flowers, symbols of strength, beauty, and hope, as we continue to strive for a more just, equitable, and inclusive world for all.
Votes for Women
Women struggling for their rights
03/02/2024
International Women's Day
International Women's Day, celebrated annually on March 8th, holds profound significance as a day of reflection, advocacy, and solidarity for gender equality and women's rights worldwide. Originating from the early 20th-century labor movement, this day has evolved into a global observance, highlighting achievements, acknowledging challenges, and promoting the advancement of women in all spheres of life.
The historical roots of International Women's Day trace back to the labor and suffrage movements of the early 20th century. On March 8, 1908, thousands of women in New York City marched through the streets demanding better working conditions, shorter hours, and the right to vote. This pivotal event set the stage for subsequent movements advocating for women's rights and paved the way for the establishment of International Women's Day.
Throughout history, women have faced systemic discrimination, inequality, and marginalization in various aspects of society, including education, employment, politics, and healthcare. International Women's Day serves as a reminder of the ongoing struggle for gender equality and the need to address these disparities.
One of the key objectives of International Women's Day is to raise awareness about the achievements of women and their contributions to society. It provides an opportunity to celebrate the accomplishments of women in fields such as science, technology, arts, business, politics, and activism. By highlighting these achievements, International Women's Day seeks to challenge stereotypes and inspire future generations of women to pursue their dreams and aspirations.
Moreover, International Women's Day serves as a platform for advocacy and activism on issues affecting women globally. From gender-based violence and reproductive rights to equal pay and political representation, the day amplifies the voices of women and advocates for policy changes to address these issues. It provides a rallying point for individuals, organizations, and governments to come together and commit to advancing gender equality and women's empowerment.
In recent years, International Women's Day has witnessed a resurgence of feminist activism and social movements advocating for gender justice and women's rights. The #MeToo movement, for example, has sparked a global conversation about sexual harassment and assault, leading to increased awareness and calls for accountability. Similarly, campaigns such as #HeForShe and #BalanceforBetter have mobilized people of all genders to take action in support of gender equality.
Furthermore, International Women's Day plays a crucial role in fostering solidarity among women and building alliances across diverse communities. It brings together women from different backgrounds, cultures, and experiences to share their stories, celebrate their achievements, and support each other in the ongoing struggle for equality. By fostering connections and solidarity, International Women's Day strengthens the global women's movement and creates a sense of belonging and empowerment.
Looking ahead, International Women's Day remains an essential platform for advancing gender equality and women's rights in the 21st century. As we continue to confront challenges such as gender-based violence, economic inequality, and political underrepresentation, the need for collective action and advocacy is more urgent than ever. International Women's Day reminds us of the progress we have made and the work that still lies ahead in achieving a more just, equitable, and inclusive world for all.
International Women's Day
International Women's Day, celebrated annually on March 8th, holds profound significance as a day of reflection, advocacy, and solidarity for gender equality and women's rights worldwide. Originating from the early 20th-century labor movement, this day has evolved into a global observance, highlighting achievements, acknowledging challenges, and promoting the advancement of women in all spheres of life.
The historical roots of International Women's Day trace back to the labor and suffrage movements of the early 20th century. On March 8, 1908, thousands of women in New York City marched through the streets demanding better working conditions, shorter hours, and the right to vote. This pivotal event set the stage for subsequent movements advocating for women's rights and paved the way for the establishment of International Women's Day.
Throughout history, women have faced systemic discrimination, inequality, and marginalization in various aspects of society, including education, employment, politics, and healthcare. International Women's Day serves as a reminder of the ongoing struggle for gender equality and the need to address these disparities.
One of the key objectives of International Women's Day is to raise awareness about the achievements of women and their contributions to society. It provides an opportunity to celebrate the accomplishments of women in fields such as science, technology, arts, business, politics, and activism. By highlighting these achievements, International Women's Day seeks to challenge stereotypes and inspire future generations of women to pursue their dreams and aspirations.
Moreover, International Women's Day serves as a platform for advocacy and activism on issues affecting women globally. From gender-based violence and reproductive rights to equal pay and political representation, the day amplifies the voices of women and advocates for policy changes to address these issues. It provides a rallying point for individuals, organizations, and governments to come together and commit to advancing gender equality and women's empowerment.
In recent years, International Women's Day has witnessed a resurgence of feminist activism and social movements advocating for gender justice and women's rights. The #MeToo movement, for example, has sparked a global conversation about sexual harassment and assault, leading to increased awareness and calls for accountability. Similarly, campaigns such as #HeForShe and #BalanceforBetter have mobilized people of all genders to take action in support of gender equality.
Furthermore, International Women's Day plays a crucial role in fostering solidarity among women and building alliances across diverse communities. It brings together women from different backgrounds, cultures, and experiences to share their stories, celebrate their achievements, and support each other in the ongoing struggle for equality. By fostering connections and solidarity, International Women's Day strengthens the global women's movement and creates a sense of belonging and empowerment.
Looking ahead, International Women's Day remains an essential platform for advancing gender equality and women's rights in the 21st century. As we continue to confront challenges such as gender-based violence, economic inequality, and political underrepresentation, the need for collective action and advocacy is more urgent than ever. International Women's Day reminds us of the progress we have made and the work that still lies ahead in achieving a more just, equitable, and inclusive world for all.
Red Rose
Symbol of Portland
Symbol of Portland
15/02/2024
Why is the symbol of Portland a red rose?
The city of Portland is known for its symbol, the "Red Rose," for several reasons. One of the primary reasons is its association with the city's nickname, "The City of Roses." This nickname was coined in the early 20th century when Portland held its first annual Rose Festival in 1907. The festival, which celebrates roses and horticulture, quickly became a significant event for the city, drawing visitors from all over. Portland's favorable climate for growing roses also contributed to its association with this flower.
Moreover, the red rose has symbolic significance beyond its association with the Rose Festival. Red roses traditionally represent love, passion, and vitality. The choice of the red rose as a symbol for Portland may reflect the city's vibrant culture, strong community spirit, and its love for nature and the environment.
In addition to its cultural and symbolic significance, the red rose has become an iconic image associated with Portland, adorning various emblems, logos, and landmarks throughout the city. This symbol serves to promote Portland's identity and heritage both locally and internationally.
Overall, the red rose has become deeply ingrained in Portland's identity, representing its rich history, natural beauty, and community values.
Why is the symbol of Portland a red rose?
The city of Portland is known for its symbol, the "Red Rose," for several reasons. One of the primary reasons is its association with the city's nickname, "The City of Roses." This nickname was coined in the early 20th century when Portland held its first annual Rose Festival in 1907. The festival, which celebrates roses and horticulture, quickly became a significant event for the city, drawing visitors from all over. Portland's favorable climate for growing roses also contributed to its association with this flower.
Moreover, the red rose has symbolic significance beyond its association with the Rose Festival. Red roses traditionally represent love, passion, and vitality. The choice of the red rose as a symbol for Portland may reflect the city's vibrant culture, strong community spirit, and its love for nature and the environment.
In addition to its cultural and symbolic significance, the red rose has become an iconic image associated with Portland, adorning various emblems, logos, and landmarks throughout the city. This symbol serves to promote Portland's identity and heritage both locally and internationally.
Overall, the red rose has become deeply ingrained in Portland's identity, representing its rich history, natural beauty, and community values.
Saint Valentine baptizing St. Lucilla
02/08/2024
Unveiling the Romantic Origins: The Legend of St. Valentine and the Birth of Valentine's Day
Once upon a time, in ancient Rome, there lived a fearless priest named Valentine. Despite Emperor Claudius II's decree forbidding young men to marry, Valentine secretly performed marriages for lovers, believing in the power of love above all else.
Valentine's actions were discovered, and he was imprisoned. Legend has it that during his imprisonment, he fell in love with the jailer's daughter, whom he cured of blindness. Before his execution on February 14th, he sent her a love letter signed, "From your Valentine," thus, initiating the tradition of exchanging love notes on this day.
Over time, Valentine was canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church, and his feast day became associated with love and romance. In the 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer popularized the notion of Valentine's Day as a celebration of romantic love in his poetry.
Today, Valentine's Day is celebrated worldwide, with lovers exchanging gifts, cards, and gestures of affection. While its origins may be shrouded in legend, the spirit of St. Valentine continues to inspire acts of love and kindness across the globe.
Unveiling the Romantic Origins: The Legend of St. Valentine and the Birth of Valentine's Day
Once upon a time, in ancient Rome, there lived a fearless priest named Valentine. Despite Emperor Claudius II's decree forbidding young men to marry, Valentine secretly performed marriages for lovers, believing in the power of love above all else.
Valentine's actions were discovered, and he was imprisoned. Legend has it that during his imprisonment, he fell in love with the jailer's daughter, whom he cured of blindness. Before his execution on February 14th, he sent her a love letter signed, "From your Valentine," thus, initiating the tradition of exchanging love notes on this day.
Over time, Valentine was canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church, and his feast day became associated with love and romance. In the 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer popularized the notion of Valentine's Day as a celebration of romantic love in his poetry.
Today, Valentine's Day is celebrated worldwide, with lovers exchanging gifts, cards, and gestures of affection. While its origins may be shrouded in legend, the spirit of St. Valentine continues to inspire acts of love and kindness across the globe.
